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Bibliografia sobre menopausa
PMID: 18501061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Premenopausal overweight women do not lose bone during
moderate weight loss with adequate or higher calcium intake.
Riedt CS,
Schlussel Y,
von Thun N,
Ambia-Sobhan H,
Stahl T,
Field MP,
Sherrell RM,
Shapses SA.
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
BACKGROUND: Weight loss is associated with bone loss, but this has not been
examined in overweight premenopausal women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study
was to assess whether overweight premenopausal women lose bone with moderate
weight loss at recommended or higher than recommended calcium intakes.
DESIGN: Overweight premenopausal women [n = 44; x (+/-SD) age: 38 +/- 6.4 y;
body mass index (BMI): 27.7 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2)] were randomly assigned to
either a normal (1 g/d) or high (1.8 g/d) calcium intake during 6 mo of
energy restriction [weight loss (WL) groups] or were recruited for weight
maintenance at 1 g Ca/d intake. Regional bone mineral density and content
were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and markers of bone
turnover were measured before and after weight loss. True fractional calcium
absorption (TFCA) was measured at baseline and during caloric restriction by
using a dual-stable calcium isotope method. RESULTS: The WL groups lost 7.2
+/- 3.3% of initial body weight. No significant decrease in BMD or rise in
bone turnover was observed with weight loss at normal or high calcium intake.
The group that consumed high calcium showed a strong relation (r = 0.71)
between increased femoral neck bone mineral density and increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin
D. No significant effect of weight loss on TFCA was observed, and the total
calcium absorbed was adequate at 238 +/- 81 and 310 +/- 91 mg/d for the
normal- and high-calcium WL groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overweight
premenopausal women do not lose bone during weight loss at the recommended
calcium intake, which may be explained by sufficient amounts of absorbed
calcium.
Publication Types:
PMID: 17413095 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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PMID: 12832426 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
TLR4 is lower in resistance-trained older women and related
to inflammatory cytokines.
McFarlin BK,
Flynn MG,
Campbell WW,
Stewart LK,
Timmerman KL.
Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human
Performance [corrected] University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. bkmcfarlin@att.net
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Regular exercise may offset age-associated increases in
inflammatory cytokines and reduce the risk of developing diseases with an
inflammatory etiology by exerting "anti-inflammatory" effects. Toll-like
receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, and
may explain the "anti-inflammatory" effect attributed to regular exercise.
Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of acute
(3 sets, 9 exercises, 10 repetitions at 80% of the 1-repetition maximum) and
chronic resistance exercise on TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS:
Venous blood samples were collected from trained (TR, N = 10) and untrained
(UT, N = 10) older (65-80 yr) postmenopausal women: before (PRE), immediately
post (POST), and 2 h (2H), 6 h (6H), and 24 h (24H) after completion of
exercise. Cell-surface expression of TLR4 (two-color immunofluorescent
cytometry), LPS (25 microg x mL(-1))-stimulated cytokine production (ELISA),
plasma cytokines (ELISA), and mRNA expression of TLR4 and cytokines (RT-PCR)
were determined for each sample. RESULTS: TR had 124% less cell-surface TLR4
expression than UT (P < 0.05). A significant time effect was found for
LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, where 6H was significantly
greater than all other samples. No significant effects were found for plasma (IL-6
and TNF-alpha) or mRNA expression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta) of
inflammatory cytokines. When subjects were grouped according to cell-surface
TLR4 expression (HI and LO), LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha (302%), IL-1beta (209%),
and IL-6 (167%) production was greater for HI than LO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:
Regularly exercising older women expressed less cell-surface TLR4 but did not
have lower plasma levels or produce less LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines
at rest or in response to a single bout of resistance exercise. TLR4 changes
may explain the "anti-inflammatory" effect that has recently been attributed
to chronic (2x wk for previous 24 months) resistance exercise training.
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PMCID: PMC1724556
Comment in:
Menopause, energy expenditure, and body composition.
Poehlman ET.
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA. Epoehlma@uvm.edu
OBJECTIVES: The effects of menopause transition on metabolic and
cardiovascular disease risk in women are unclear. It is unknown whether
estrogen deficiency, aging, or a combination of both factors are independent
contributors to a worsening health profile in women. We considered the
effects of menopause transition and hormone replacement therapy on body
composition, regional body fat, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity.
METHODS: A brief review of current literature that has considered the role
of menopause transition and hormone replacement therapy on body composition,
energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity with an emphasis on longitudinal
investigations. RESULTS: Preliminary evidence suggests that natural
menopause is associated with reduced energy expenditure during rest and
physical activity, an accelerated loss of fat-free mass, and increased
central adiposity and fasting insulin levels. Hormone replacement therapy
has been shown to attenuate these changes. Longitudinal and longer
intervention studies are needed to confirm these initial findings.
CONCLUSIONS: Menopause transition may represent a risky period in a woman's
life, 'triggering' adverse metabolic and cardiovascular processes that
predispose women to a greater incidence of obesity-related comorbidities.
Dietary, exercise, and hormonal interventions specifically targeted at
premenopausal women may help mitigate the worsening cardiovascular and
metabolic risk profile associated with menopause.
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